The transport of insulin-like growth factor through cartilage

Abstract

Articular cartilage is the smooth glistening white tissue, slippery to feel, that covers the surface of the diarthrodial joints. The functions of articular cartilage in joints are to reduce load per unit area and to provide a smooth, low-friction, and wear resistant bearing [1]. The composition and structural properties of cartilage allow it to achieve and maintain proper biomechanical function over the majority of a human lifespan [2]. Structurally, cartilage is a porous, fluidfilled, deformable material that is composed of cells (called chondrocytes), a fluid (predominantly water), and an ECM [3]. The ECM largely consists of collagen, proteoglycan, and small amounts of other molecules [4].