Journal article
Origins of large-volume, compositionally zoned volcanic eruptions: New constraints from U-series isotopes and numerical thermal modeling for the 1912 Katmai-Novarupta eruption
S Turner, M Sandiford, M Reagan, C Hawkesworth, W Hildreth
Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth | AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION | Published : 2010
DOI: 10.1029/2009JB007195
Abstract
We present the results of a combined U-series isotope and numerical modeling study of the 1912 Katmai-Novarupta eruption in Alaska. A stratigraphically constrained set of samples have compositions that range from basalt through basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite. The major and trace element range can be modeled by 80-90% closed-system crystal fractionation over a temperature interval from 1279°C to 719°C at 100 MPa, with an implied volume of parental basalt of ∼65 km3. Numerical models suggest, for wall rock temperatures appropriate to this depth, that 90% of this volume of magma would cool and crystallize over this temperature interval within a few tens of kiloyears. However,..
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Funding Acknowledgements
We wish to thank the organizers of the 2001 Penrose Conference on Longevity and Dynamics of Rhyolitic Magma Systems for inspiration and J. Lowenstern for providing the Naknek sample. We thank J. Blundy and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments and J. Lowenstern and M. Clynne for internal USGS reviews. This study was supported by NERC grant NER/A/S/2000/01284 and NSF grant EAR0001003 (M.R.) and also used instrumentation funded by ARC LIEF and DEST Systemic Infrastructure Grants, Macquarie University, and industry. S.T. acknowledges the support of the Royal Society University Research Fellowship and subsequently ARC Federation and Professorial Fellowships. Initial analytical work was undertaken by R. George. This is contribution 656 from the Australian Research Council National Key Centre for the Geochemical Evolution and Metallogeny of Continents (http://www.gemoc.mq.edu.au).