Stereotypy of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Insights from video-EEG monitoring

Abstract

Purpose: To systematically study the semiology of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) captured by video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (VEM) and categorize the typical patterns observed. Methods: VEM records of patients who underwent evaluation from January 2002 to June 2007 were reviewed to identify those who had PNES with or without a background of epilepsy. The semiology of each event was visually analyzed and entered into a statistical database. Type of movement, anatomic distribution, synchrony, symmetry, onset, offset, course, duration, vocalization, hyperventilation, eye movements, and responsiveness were evaluated. PNES were classified into distinct groups according to ..