Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production: A review

Abstract

Agriculture produces ∼ 10%-12% of total global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, contributing ∼ 50% and ∼ 60% of all anthropogenic methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), respectively. Apart from their significant contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the energy lost as CH4 and total N losses are two of the most significant inefficiencies remaining in ruminant production systems. A number of options are reviewed to reduce production of enteric CH4 and N2O from ruminant production systems, mainly focusing on breeding, feeding, animal management, soil and fertilizer management, and rumen manipulation. To fully assess the net abatement potential, each strategy must be sub..