Journal article

Relation of addiction genes to hypothalamic gene changes subserving genesis and gratification of a classic instinct,,sodium appetite

WB Liedtke, MJ McKinley, LL Walker, H Zhang, AR Pfenning, J Drago, SJ Hochendoner, DL Hilton, AJ Lawrence, DA Denton

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Published : 2011

Abstract

Sodium appetite is an instinct that involves avid specific intention. It is elicited by sodium deficiency, stress-evoked adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and reproduction. Genome-wide microarrays in sodium-deficient mice or after ACTH infusion showed up-regulation of hypothalamic genes, including dopamine- and cAMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein 32 kDa (DARPP-32), dopamine receptors- 1 and -2,α-2C- adrenoceptor, and striatally enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP). Both DARPP-32 and neural plasticity regulator activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (ARC) were upregulated in lateral hypothalamic orexinergic neurons by sodium deficiency. Administration of dopamine D1 (..

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Grants

Awarded by National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia)


Funding Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate valuable discussions with Drs. Marc Caron, Nicole Calakos, Sidney Simon, and Sayan Mukherjee and the expert technical assistance of James M. Friedman (all of Duke University). Support for this work was given by The G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Foundation, The Robert J. Jr and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation, the Search Foundation, Ms. Diana Gibson, Mr. Robert Albert, Mr. Baillieu Myer, Dr. Mark Nelson, Duke University (to W.B.L.), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) Fellowships 454369 (to M.J.M.) and 454303 (to A.J.L.), The Derek Denton Endowment Fund, a Trinity College Undergraduate Fellowship (to S.J.H.), and a Robert H. Ebert Clinical Scholarship of the Klingenstein Fund (to W.B.L.).