Journal article
Kinetics of Coinfection with Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae
AM Smith, FR Adler, RM Ribeiro, RN Gutenkunst, JL McAuley, JA McCullers, AS Perelson
Plos Pathogens | PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE | Published : 2013
Open access
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections are a leading cause of illness and death during epidemic and pandemic influenza. Experimental studies suggest a lethal synergism between influenza and certain bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the precise processes involved are unclear. To address the mechanisms and determine the influences of pathogen dose and strain on disease, we infected groups of mice with either the H1N1 subtype influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) or a version expressing the 1918 PB1-F2 protein (PR8-PB1-F2(1918)), followed seven days later with one of two S. pneumoniae strains, type 2 D39 or type 3 A66.1. We determined that, following bacterial infection, viral t..
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Awarded by National Science Foundation
Funding Acknowledgements
This work was done under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 and supported by NIH contract HHSN272201000055C, the National Center for Research Resources and the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP) through grant OD011095 and NIH grants AI028433, AI100946, and P20-GM103452, the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program, National Science Foundation grant DMS-0354259, and by the 21st Century Science Initiative Grant from the James S. McDonnell Foundation. RMR received partial funding through PCOFUND-GA-2009-246542 (FCT Portugal). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.