Journal article
An international multicentre study on the allergenic activity of air-oxidized R-limonene
JB Christensson, KE Andersen, M Bruze, JD Johansen, B Garcia-Bravo, A Giménez-Arnau, CL Goh, R Nixon, IR White
Contact Dermatitis | Published : 2013
DOI: 10.1111/cod.12036
Abstract
Background. Limonene is a common fragrance terpene that, in its pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, limonene autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized R-limonene has previously been patch tested in multicentre studies, giving 2-3% positive patch test reactions in consecutive patients. Objectives. To investigate whether oxidized R-limonene 3.0% in petrolatum, with a stable concentration of the main haptens, limonene hydroperoxides (Lim-OOHs), could be a useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in an international setting. Methods. Oxidized R-limonene 3.0% (Lim-OOHs 0.33%) pet. was tested in 2900 consecutiv..
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Funding Acknowledgements
We thank Martin Gillstedt for skilful statistical assistance and Marie Norback for administrative assistance. Katarina Emilsson, Charlotte Siwmark and Bo Niklasson at Chemotechnique Diagnostics AB, and with Professor Ann-Therese Karlberg, University of Gothenburg, are acknowledged for chemical analysis and preparation of the oxidized limonene patch test material. Professor Karlberg is further acknowledged for valuable discussions. The work was financially supported by the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association, Stockholm, Sweden, the Welander-Finsen Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden, and the Health & Medical Care Committee of the Region Vastra Gotaland (ALF), Sweden. The work was performed within the Centre for Skin Research (SkinResQU), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.