Journal article
Bulk heterojunction nanomorphology of fluorenyl hexa- peri -hexabenzocoronene-fullerene blend films
M Pfaff, P Müller, P Bockstaller, E Müller, J Subbiah, WWH Wong, MFG Klein, A Kiersnowski, SR Puniredd, W Pisula, A Colsmann, D Gerthsen, DJ Jones
ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces | Published : 2013
DOI: 10.1021/am4044085
Abstract
In this study, the nanomorphology of fluorenyl hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene: [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (FHBC:PC61BM) absorber layers of organic solar cells was investigated. Different electron microscopical techniques, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering were applied for a comprehensive nanomorphology analysis. The development of the nanomorphology upon sample annealing and the associated change of the device performance were investigated. It was shown that the annealing process enhances the phase separation and therefore the bulk heterojunction structure. Due to π-π stacking, the FHBC molecules assemble into columnar stacks, which are a..
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Grants
Awarded by Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts of Baden-Wurttemberg
Awarded by Australian Solar Institute
Funding Acknowledgements
This work has been performed within the project Fl of the DFG Research Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN). It has been further supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts of Baden-Wurttemberg (Az: 7713.14-300). M.F.G.K. is supported by the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). This work is also supported by the Australian Solar Institute (Project Grant 1-GER001 and Fellowship for W.W.H.W.), the Victorian Organic Solar Cell Consortium (www.vicosc.unimelb.edu.au), the Victorian State Government Department of Business Innovation (Victorian Science Agenda) and Department of Primary Industries (Energy Technology Innovation Strategy), the AAS-BMBF Australia-Germany Solar Photovoltaic Research Exchange Program. Special thanks are given to Professor A. Holmes for generous support of this project. A.K. acknowledges the funding through the statutory subsidy from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the Faculty of Chemistry of Wroclaw University of Technology. We further thank Professor U. Lemmer for fruitful discussions and providing the cleanroom lab.