Understanding electrogenerated chemiluminescence efficiency in blue-shifted iridium(III)-complexes: An experimental and theoretical study

Abstract

Compared to tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) ([Ir(ppy)3]), iridium(III) complexes containing difluorophenylpyridine (df-ppy) and/or an ancillary triazolylpyridine ligand [3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylpyridinato (ptp) or 1-benzyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylpyridine (ptb)] exhibit considerable hypsochromic shifts (ca. 25-60 nm), due to the significant stabilising effect of these ligands on the HOMO energy, whilst having relatively little effect on the LUMO. Despite their lower photoluminescence quantum yields compared with [Ir(ppy) 3] and [Ir(df-ppy)3], the iridium(III) complexes containing triazolylpyridine ligands gave greater electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) intensities (using tri-n-propylam..