Journal article
Dissecting the insect metabolic machinery using twin ion mass spectrometry: A single P450 enzyme metabolizing the insecticide imidacloprid in vivo
KK Hoi, PJ Daborn, P Battlay, C Robin, P Batterham, RAJ O'Hair, WA Donald
Analytical Chemistry | Published : 2014
DOI: 10.1021/ac404188g
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is one of the most prevalent examples of anthropogenic genetic change, yet our understanding of metabolic-based resistance remains limited by the analytical challenges associated with rapidly tracking the in vivo metabolites of insecticides at nonlethal doses. Here, using twin ion mass spectrometry analysis of the extracts of whole Drosophila larvae and excreta, we show that (i) eight metabolites of the neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, can be detected when formed by susceptible larval genotypes and (ii) the specific overtranscription of a single gene product, Cyp6g1, associated with the metabolic resistance to neonicotinoids, results in a significant increase i..
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Funding Acknowledgements
We thank the Australian Research Council (through the Centre of Excellence Scheme) and the School of Chemistry at the University of Melbourne (through the Chemistry Small Grants Scheme) for generous financial support. W.A.D. thanks the Faculty of Science at the University of Melbourne for the Centenary Research Fellowship and the Australian Research Council for a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award fellowship. We acknowledge Sioe See Volaric (School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne) and Paul O'Donnell (Metabolomics Australia, University of Melbourne) for helpful discussions and Dr. Ralf Nauen (Bayer CropScience AG, Monheim, Germany) for authentic metabolite standards. Acknowledgment is made to Metabolomics Australia for use of the cyromill.