Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Screening people with diabetes for markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and initiation of measures to retard the progression of kidney disease are now considered part of routine clinical practice. In addition, it is necessary to measure, assess and manage cardiovascular risk factors aggressively. Diabetic CKD is staged on the basis of both glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin levels. Urinary albumin can be quantified by measuring the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) or albumin excretion rates (AERs). In general, the finding of elevated levels of urinary albumin or a GFR <60 ml/min per 1.73m2 should provoke an intensified modification of the common risk factors for ki..