Too many crying babies: A systematic review of pain management practices during immunizations on YouTube

Abstract

Background: Early childhood immunizations, although vital for preventative health, are painful and too often lead to fear of needles. Effective pain management strategies during infant immunizations include breastfeeding, sweet solutions, and upright front-to-front holding. However, it is unknown how often these strategies are used in clinical practice. We aimed to review the content of YouTube videos showing infants being immunized to ascertain parents' and health care professionals' use of pain management strategies, as well as to assess infants' pain and distress.Methods: A systematic review of YouTube videos showing intramuscular injections in infants less than 12 months was completed us..