Nature™ Inc. Environmental Conservation in the Neoliberal Age

Abstract

The global conservation movement is undergoing profound changes. While the venerable fortress conservation paradigm has been thoroughly critiqued (Brockington 2002; Igoe 2004; Adams 2004), the community-based conservation (CBC) approach that aimed to replace it, along with the integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) in which CBC is commonly based, has suffered a similar fate over the last two decades (e.g., Wells and McShane 2004; Dressler et al. 2010). Indeed, the very compatibility of conservation and development has recently been called into question by conservationists contending that the trade-offs between livelihood and environmental concerns may be largely irreconcila..