Battery Management Using Secondary Loads: A Novel Integrated Approach

Abstract

Large lithium-ion battery systems for electric vehicle and stationary storage applications use from tens to hundreds of series-connected cells. In this paper we present an advanced integrated management structure and method that uses intelligent switching to balance series-connected cells. Our analysis shows that using this approach can increase the useful system capacity by upwards of 7% compared to conventional active or passive balancing systems by fully utilising cells with different capacities. The battery system efficiency in an electric vehicle has also been shown to increase by up to 3% compared to conventional systems. Further advantages of integrated balancing include simultaneous ..