Assessment and management of male androgen disorders: An update

Abstract

Background: Male hypogonadism, caused by intrinsic pathology of the hypothalamic-pituitary- testicular (HPT) axis, is an under-diagnosed condition not to be missed. By contrast, late onset hypogonadism (LOH), due to functional suppression of the HPT axis from age-related comorbidities, may be less common than previously believed. Objective: This article outlines the aetiology, clinical features, investigation and management of male hypogonadism and discusses the more controversial area of LOH. Discussion: Pathologically based hypogonadism is, after a thorough diagnostic work-up, treated with testosterone replacement therapy, unless fertility is desired. LOH with modest reductions in testoste..