Journal article
Ascending Control of Arousal and Motivation: Role of Nucleus Incertus and its Peptide Neuromodulators in Behavioural Responses to Stress
S Ma, AL Gundlach
Journal of Neuroendocrinology | Published : 2015
DOI: 10.1111/jne.12259
Abstract
Arousal is a process that involves the activation of ascending neural pathways originating in the rostral pons that project to the forebrain through the midbrain reticular formation to promote the activation of key cortical, thalamic, hypothalamic and limbic centres. Established modulators of arousal include the cholinergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic networks originating in the pons and midbrain. Recent data indicate that a population of largely GABAergic projection neurones located in the nucleus incertus (NI) are also involved in arousal and motivational processes. The NI has prominent efferent connections with distinct hypothalamic, amygdalar and thalamic nuclei, in add..
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Funding Acknowledgements
Research by the authors reviewed in this article was supported by an Australian Biomedical Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and a Commonwealth of Australia Endeavour Fellowship (SM); a Research Fellowship and project grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, a grant from the Pratt and Besen Family Foundations, and a Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (USA) NARSAD Independent Investigator Award (ALG); and by the Victorian Government Operational Infrastructure Support Programme (The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health).