Flow analysis techniques for spatial and temporal measurement of nutrients in aquatic systems

Abstract

Flow analysis offers a versatile and powerful approach to monitoring of the aquatic environment. The present review highlights the drivers for determining macro- and micro-nutrients in marine and fresh waters, and outlines the instrumental requirements for in situ instrumentation. The principles of flow analysis, specifically flow injection and derivative techniques, and the chemical bases for macro- and micro-nutrient detection are discussed, and key examples of suitable approaches are considered. The successful deployment of flow analysis nutrient monitoring systems for spatial and temporal measurements is illustrated by specific examples relating to surface transects, depth profiles and t..