Citizenship: Inclusion and exclusion

Abstract

This chapter will look at what has been meant by citizenship and analyze debates about citizenship and the criteria used for inclusion in or exclusion from the category of citizen. Place of residence may seem a clear criterion for inclusion. But there were differences between states on this issue even in ancient times with different policies in Athens from those in Rome. Rome made residents of their captured lands “cives sine suffragio,” possibly a doubtful benefit since while these citizens were liable for military service, they could not vote or hold office in Rome. Clearly however being a citizen was generally desirable and was connected with the ability of individuals to have an influenc..