Evaluation and management of the infant with cryptorchidism

Abstract

Purpose of review Normal testicular descent is now recognized to occur in two steps with the first, transabdominal stage controlled by insulin-like hormone 3. The second, inguinoscrotal stage is controlled by androgens, mostly indirectly via the genitofemoral nerve, which appears to direct the migration of the gubernaculum to the scrotum. Undescended testis (UDT) is multifactorial, with only some of the genes identified. This review highlights recent developments that are leading to changes in practice. Recent findings There is an emerging consensus among pediatric surgeons and urologists about the management of UDT with recommendations that the diagnosis of congenital UDT should be confirme..