The effectiveness of therapy on outcome following (BoNT-A) injection for focal spasticity in adults with neurological conditions: A systematic review

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the independent effectiveness of adjunctive therapies when provided in conjunction with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT-A) injection for focal spasticity in adults with neurological conditions. DATA SOURCES: Nine electronic databases. STUDY SELECTION: A systematic search was performed to identify randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the benefit of adjunctive therapies following BoNT-A injection. DATA EXTRACTION/SYNTHESIS: Two authors extracted the data independently. Each trial was assessed for internal validity and rated for quality using the PEDro scale. Articles were further appraised using the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) evidence classification to co..